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 China
Introduction -
Brief History
For centuries China
stood as a leading
civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences,
but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by
civil
unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After
World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic
socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed
strict
controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of
people.
After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on
market-oriented
economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the
population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room
for
personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight.
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China
is located in Eastern Asia,
bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China
Sea,
between North Korea and Vietnam.
Lowest
Point: Turpan Pendi
-154 m
Highest
Point: Mount Everest
8,850 m
Capital:
Beijing
Religion:
Daoist (Taoist),
Buddhist, Muslim 1%-2%, Christian 3%-4% note: officially
atheist (2002 est.)
Languages
Spoken: Standard
Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue
(Cantonese),
Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang,
Gan,
Hakka dialects, minority languages
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