Mushrooms

Button
Perhaps the most common mushroom found in recipes. 

Chanterelle:
Also known as  girolle. 
Wild mushroom and varies in color: yellow (most common), white, and black.

Common uses, pasta, veal, poultry, sauteed in butter and garlic.

Chineses Cloud Ear

Enokitake

Matsutake

Morel 
Common uses, pasta, veal, poultry, omelets, sauteed in butter (with cream)

Oyster

Porcini

Portabella

Shitake

Straw